Modern Golic Vulcan Grammar Lesson 9

TGV/MGV - Lesson 9

Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 9

WEAK VERBS

Kobat-Tor-Zhitlar

New Vocabulary

Uzh-Zhit-Feim

Tor to do, to make

Fulag-tor to lead

Gla-tor to see

Ha-tor to live

Kal-tor to allow, to let

Kras-tor to paint

Kum-tor to catch

Mahr-tor to buy

Min-tor to glow

Nam-tor to be, to exist

Og-tor to sew

Pil-tor to prepare food

Puk-tor to fight

She-tor to ascend, to go up

Tam-tor to dance

Tev-tor to descend

Yahv-tor to borrow

Zahal-tor to follow

Zhu-tor to hear

Fna' through

S' from, out of

Kin-kur yellow

Os old

Pla-kur blue

Uzh new

Wehk many

Yar-kur green

Yon-kur red

Zam few

Dunap book

Fau-yut road, street

Kaiden stairs

Kelek house

Kov rock, stone

Krani window

Sai-vel clothes

Wak-vel clock

Yem-tukh food

Yut path, trail, way

Notes

Pitohlar

1. Weak verbs are very common in Traditional and Modern Golic Vulcan, and are very simple to use, having the same form for all persons in each tense. There are no separate transitive or intransitive forms in Traditional and Modern Golic Vulcan.

In this lesson we will be discussing only the present tense of weak verbs. Later lessons will cover past and future forms of verbs. Below is an example of a present tense weak verb:

Gla-tor = to see

Gla-tor nash-veh gla-tor (lit. sees this-one) = I see

Gla-tor du = you (singular) see

Gla-tor sa-veh (lit. sees male-one) = he sees

Gla-tor ko-veh (lit. sees female-one) = she sees

Gla-tor ish-veh (lit. sees that-one) = it sees

Gla-tor etek = we see

Gla-tor dular = you (plural) see

Gla-tor au = they see

2. Although words exist for "he" (sa-veh) and "she" (ko-veh), those words are normally only used in Traditional Golic, specific ancient rituals, formal literature, and school. In Modern Golic usage, ish-veh is normally used for all genders of the third person singular. Of course, it is never incorrect for the student of Golic Vulcan to use the separate forms and we will do so in most lessons.

3. Plurals are formed by directly suffixing lar to the end of the noun modified. Lar is not used following a numbered noun, eg. Gla-tor nash-veh kau kov, meaning "I see five stones." Notice that kov is not suffixed. The number implies plurality, so the pluralizing suffix is not necessary.

Exercise 1

Tusok 1

Translate the following into Federation Standard English:

1. Mahr-tor Sonok uzh wak-vel. 2. Yahv-tor T'Luki dunap. 3. Og-tor Sonok os sai-vel. 4. Pil-tor T'Luki yem-tukh. 5. She-tor Sonok kaiden hi tev-tor T'Luki kaiden. 6. Fulag-tor suk'sehlat heh zahal-tor pi'sehlat. 7. Kras-tor ish-veh yar-kur svep. 8. Tam-tor nash-veh svi'uzh kelek. 9. Puk-tor yon-kur Sehlat heh pla-kur le-matya. 10. Ha-tor Sonok heh T'Luki svi'pi'kelek svi'suk'solai. 11. Min-tor yon fna'krani svi'suk'kelek fi'fau-yut. 12. Yahv-tor Sonok kin-kur dunaplar s'T'Luki. 13. Nam-tor wehk pla-kur kovlar svi'solai hi zam yon-kur kovlar. 14. Kum-tor yon-kur le-matya os teresh-kah fi'yut. 15. Zahal-tor pi'Sonok os nesh-sehlat fna'masupik solai na'fau-yut. 16. Zhu-tor T'Luki sehlatlar fna'krani fi'yut na'svep.

Exercise 2

Tusok 2

Translate the following into Golic Vulcan:

1. T'Luki buys a new clock. 2. Sonok is borrowing the book. 3. T'Luki is sewing the clothes. 4. Sonok is preparing the food. 5. Sonok is descending the stairs but T'Luki is ascending the stairs. 6. The little sehlat is leading and the big sehlat is following. 7. You are painting the red door. 8. We are dancing in the new house. 9. The green le-matya and the yellow sehlat are fighting. 10. Sonok and T'Luki live in the big house in the small field. 11. The fire glows through the window of the little house on the road. 12. T'Luki borrows the blue books from Sonok. 13. There are many red stones in the field but few green stones. 14. The red le-matya catches the old teresh-kah in the field. 15. Sonok hears the le-matyas through the window on the path to the door. 16. Little T'Luki follows the old white sehlat through the wet field to the road.

The student is encouraged to learn further by making new sentences based on words from the dictionaries.