Modern Golic Vulcan Grammar Lesson 12

TGV/MGV - Lesson 12

Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 12

ADJECTIVAL FORMS

Rub-Zhit-Shidlar

This lesson builds on the information in Lesson 8.

The student might find it useful to review that lesson now.

New Vocabulary

Uzh-Zhit-Feim

abrashau to pick up

set-tor to drop

tev-tor to fall

vazgau to steal

s' from

akansu an alien

Andorsu an Andorian

Beidzhorsu a Bajoran

Beituh'zedsu a Betazed

Deltasu a Deltan

ek'zer gem, jewel

Ferengi a Ferengi

Gornarsu a Gorn

Horta a Horta

Kardassu a Cardassian

kitau-skaf desk

kosu woman

lan-tol floor

Melkotsu a Melkotian

natuhn box

Raidzhelsu a Rigellian

Rihansu a Romulan

salasu a native

sasu man

Tellarsu a Tellarite

Terrasu an Earthling (Terran)

Tlingansu a Klingon

Vuhlkansu a Vulcan

See also the chart below

Notes

Pitohlar

1. In Traditional and Modern Golic Vulcan, nearly every true adjective has two forms -- Combining Form and Non-Combining Form. (If you have not already done so, please review the material in Lesson 8 for a basic introduction to adjectives.)

2. The Combining Form of most adjectives is the base root word, although there are a few exceptions to be seen in our large vocabulary lists. This "root" is then prefixed to the noun to modify it.

3. The Non-Combining Form of most adjectives is the base root word, suffixed with the adjectival ending "~ik". These are considered "Regular Adjectives". Of course, many adjectives borrowed from older or other languages do not follow this construction. These are considered "Irregular Adjectives". The student will learn these through study and practice.

4. Adjectives based on verbs ending in "ai" or "au" are nearly always formed by directly suffixing "~k"; for example, "volaik" or "patauk". These are also considered Regular Adjectives.

5. Some Irregular Adjectives have the same spelling for both Combining and Non-Combining Form. The best known of these is "tsuri" (common, regular, usual) and its negative counterpart "ritsuri" (uncommon, irregular, unusual). Of course, the Combining Form is still separated by a punctuation mark.

6. It is the tendency in Golic Vulcan to prefer using the Combining Form whenever possible. Therefore, if the noun is composed of no more than two word segments -- for example, "dal" or "dal-nath" -- then the Combining Form of the adjective is often prefixed to the noun. A Combining Form is never prefixed to a trinary word such as "bai-lon-tak", due to the Golic Vulcan word formation rule that prevents such formation. Always use the Non-Combining Form with a trinary word. Note: When an adjectival form is used in addressing someone when a name is not known, the Non-Combining form is invariably used. So, "hey, little boy, leave my sehlat alone" would use "pi sa-kan" and not "pi'sa-kan".

7. Golic Vulcan forms an adjective referring to or describing something to do with a specific people, race or culture by using the same form for the name of the people or their language but it is not capitalized. This is because the Vulcan characters are all the same size in this special adjective. For example, someone from Bajor or their language is "Beidzhorsu" (Bajoran) but the adjective is "beidzhorsu" (Bajoran). This form nearly always follows the noun it describes. So if you wanted to say "Bajoran wilderness" it would be "shi'kwai beidzhorsu" (literally, "wilderness Bajoran").

8. Golic Vulcan also has a construction that acts as an adjective; this is colloquially called a "With Modifier" but actually has no official grammatical term. Two examples are "k'avon" (hungry, literally "with hunger") and "k'mag" (thirsty, literally "with thirst"). These were once very common in older forms of the Golic Vulcan languages but are not as common in Traditional or Modern Golic. Since these words are already prefixed with a preposition, no other prepositions can be added. To say "with the hungry le-matya", for example, you'd say "k'le-matya k'avon".

In the tables below are some examples of various kinds of adjectives in both forms:

F.S. English	TGV/MGV

Combining Form	TGV/MGV

Non-Combining Form

acidic	sash-	sashik

aggressive	kres-	kresik

alkaline	sovash-	sovashik

angry	reshen-	reshnek

automatic	shati-	shatik

big, large	suk'	suk

black	nesh-	nesh-kur

blind	glan-fam-	glan-famik

bright	ugel-	ugelik

clear	pa'shi-	pa'shik

cold	sam-	samek

common, regular	tsuri-	tsuri

dead	tevi-	tevik

deaf	zhu-fam-	zhu-famik

dishonest	ritrau-	ritrau

dishonorable	ridor-	ridorli

easy, simple	veli-	velik

fast	sahr-	sahris

fat	thel-	thelik

foreign	---	k'shatri

frequent	vakav-	vakav

general	pa'es-	paik

good	rom-	rom

harmful	klau-bosh-	klau-bosh

healthy	muhl-bosh-	muhl-bosh

heavy	ras-	ras

honest	trau-	trau

honorable	dor-	dorli

hot	fal-	fal

hungry	---	k'avon

ill, sick	has-bosh-	has-bosh

jealous	kis-	kis-ka

little, small	pi'	pi

long	wu-	wu

mature	vin-	vinik

medical	has-	hasuk

microscopic	numo-	numo

modern	iyi-	iyik

mutant	tsel-	tselik

native	sala-	salatik

natural	malat-	malatik

next	thurai-	thurai

obese	thel'an-	thel'anik

old-fashioned	---	vesh-nartauk

original	tvesh-	tveshik

peaceful	sochya-bosh-	sochya-bosh

possible	---	tor-yehat

pretty	takov-	takov

quiet	hizh-	hizhuk

radioactive	---	galu-sayuk

right, correct	yeht-	yeht

same	ka-	ka

short	pen-	pen

silent	ralash-fam-	ralash-famik

slow	vohr-	vohris

static	vit-	vitik

tall	ha-vol-	ha-vol

tame	fnau-	fnau

telepathic	---	irak-nahik

thick	bali-	bali

thirsty	---	k'mag

tired	zungri-	zungor

traditional	ba-	baik

ugly	watosh-	watosh

united	---	kaunshuk

useless	is-fam-	is-famik

violent	khrash-	khrashik

white	wan-	wan-kur

Exercise 1

Tusok 1

Translate the following into Federation Standard English:

1. Tlingansu khrashik hi Deltasu sochya-bosh. 2. Zhai-sehlatlar fnau hi le-matyalar kresik. 3. Ferengi ritrau hi Vuhlkansu trau. 4. Raidzhelsu k'avon heh k'mag. 5. Nesh-sehlat heh pla-kushel pi eh hizhuk. 6. Shitau Sonok ras-dunap fi'suk'pasu. 7. Dvin-tor T'Luki yar-sazhlar heh zhar-savaslar. 8. Abrashau reshnek Kardassu pi'natuhn s'kitau-skaf. 9. Tev-tor wu-lipau fi'lan-tol. 10. Set-tor Rihansu suk'snauk fi'yar-pasu. 11. Vazgau ridorli Tellarsu ek'zerler t'etek s'pi'kitau-skaf. 12. Ha-vol Beituh'zedsu glan-fam heh pen Vuhlkansu zhu-fam.

Exercise 2

Tusok 2

Translate the following into Golic Vulcan:

1. The Rigellian is violent but the Horta is peaceful. 2. The black sehlats are tame but the le-matyas are aggressive. 3. The Ferengi is dishonest but the Earthling is honest. 4. The Klingon is hungry and thirsty. 5. The grey sehlat and the blackbird are small and quiet. 6. T'Luki puts the heavy book on the small table. 7. The angry Andorian picks up the large box from the desk. 8. Sonok serves orange vegetables and blue fruits. 9. The long spoon falls on the floor. 10. The Romulan drops the large fork on the blue table. 11. The dishonorable Gorn steals our jewels from the big desk. 12. The tall Vulcan is blind and the short Betazed is deaf.

The student is encouraged to learn further by making new sentences based on words from the dictionaries.